Arabic:
Widely spoken in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and more. Dialects can vary significantly from country to country. Arabic is spoken by over 420 million people worldwide.
Persian (Farsi):
The official language of Iran, Afghanistan (where it's known as Dari), and Tajikistan (as Tajik), Persian has about 110 million speakers.
Turkish:
The official language of Turkey and Cyprus, Turkish is spoken by over 75 million people. There are various dialects, but Istanbul Turkish is the standardized version.
Hebrew:
The official language of Israel, Hebrew is spoken by about 9 million people. While it has several dialects, Modern Hebrew is the standard form used.
Kurdish:
Spoken by the Kurdish people in a region known as Kurdistan that spans Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. It has two main dialect groups: Kurmanji and Sorani, and is spoken by approximately 20-30 million people.
Azerbaijani:
The official language of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijani is also spoken in Northwestern Iran and by smaller communities in Georgia, Iraq, and Turkey. It has about 23 million speakers.
Armenian:
The official language of Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Armenian is spoken by around 6 million people. It has two main literary forms: Eastern and Western Armenian.
Georgian:
The official language of Georgia, Georgian is spoken by about 4 million people. Although there are several dialects, the standard version is based on the Kartlian dialect.
Pashto:
One of the two official languages of Afghanistan, Pashto is also spoken in Pakistan and Iran, with about 60 million speakers.
Dari:
One of the two official languages of Afghanistan, also spoken in Iran and Pakistan, Dari is a variety of Persian and is spoken by about 27.5 million people.
